Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton as “Green” Technology for Pharmaceutical Removal: A Review

The presence of pharmaceutical products in the water cycle may cause harmful effects such as morphological, metabolic and sex alterations aquatic organisms selection/development resistant to antimicrobial agents. compounds’ stability persistent character hinder their elimination by conventional physico-chemical biological treatments thus, development new purification technologies has drawn great attention from academic industrial researchers. Recently, electro-Fenton process been demonstrated be a viable alternative for removal these hazardous, recalcitrant compounds. This occurs under action suitable catalyst, with majority current scientific research focused on heterogeneous systems. A significant area centres working an appropriate catalyst able overcome operating limitations associated homogeneous is concerned short service life difficulty separation/recovery polluted water. review highlights present trend use different materials catalysts compound environments. main challenges facing revolve around enhancement performance, long-term use, life-cycle analysis considerations cost-effectiveness. Although treatment efficiency improved significantly, ongoing efforts need deliver economic viability at larger scale due high costs, primarily related energy consumption.